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Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn is used traditionally in the treatment of liver diseases. The main objective of our study is to evaluate the toxicity or the effects of the acute oral administration of the ethanol extract of this plant. Exploratory tests for acute oral toxicity are performed in vivo on Wistar albino rats in a limit test of 2000 mg/kg in accordance with the OECD Guidelines. The various clinical signs observed after administration and for 14 days were recorded and no mortality was observed. With the exception of red blood cells and hemoglobin, whose statistical difference from the control was significant (p <0.05), all other haematological parameters showed a insignificant statistical difference to the control ratio (p> 0,05). Concerning the biochemical parameters, except glycemia and the total proteins of the control batches which show a significant statistical difference after 14 days (p> 0.05), all the other biochemical parameters show insignificant statistical difference in the test batches and Controls (p> 0.05) as well as the weight variation of the animals. The ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus amarus therefore has no toxic effect on the biochemical and haematological parameters studied at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. The lethal dose of the ethanolic extract of Phyllanthus amarus is greater than 2000 mg/kg.