Juan S Carlos*, Feudtner Knisely

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Pharmacology is the scientific discipline dedicated to understanding how drugs interact with biological systems. It explores the behavior of chemical compounds within living organisms, focusing on drug properties, mechanisms of action, receptor interactions, and the resulting physiological effects. Modern pharmacology examines various drug classes, their therapeutic uses, and the pathways through which the human body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and eliminates them. As a foundational field in the health sciences, pharmacology supports diverse applications—from studying drug effects in clinical medicine to developing new therapeutic agents and ensuring regulatory safety. Because of its broad scope, pharmacology encompasses multiple subspecialties, including clinical, cardiovascular, and behavioral pharmacology, each contributing essential insights into drug development and medical practice. Keywords: Pharmacology; Drug–receptor interactions; Mechanisms of action; Therapeutic agents; Drug metabolism