Vipin Sharma, Ritu Mehra Gilhotra

ABSTRACT

The drug delivery systems (DDS) are interdisciplinary approaches that combine polymer science, pharmaceutics, bioconjugate chemistry, and molecular biology. Till recent, injections remained the most common means for administering therapeutic proteins and peptides such as insulin, because of their poor oral bioavailability. Designing and formulating a polypeptide drug delivery has been a persistent challenge because of their unfavorable physicochemical properties, which includes enzymatic degradation, poor membrane permeability and large molecular size. Due to the inconvenience of insulin injections, various approaches have been attempted to formulate insulin for administration by non-injectable routes.